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Epilepsy is not a single
disorder, but covers a wide range of problems characterized by
unprovoked, recurring seizures that disrupt normal neurological
functions. A seizure is a sudden disruption of the brain’s normal
electrical activity accompanied by altered consciousness and/or other
neurological and behavioral symptoms. Epilepsy affects 1-2% of the
population of the United States. Most seizures are benign, but a seizure
that lasts a long time can lead to status epilepticus, a
life-threatening condition characterized by continuous seizures,
sustained loss of consciousness, and respiratory distress. The origin of
50-70% of all cases of epilepsy is unknown. The goal of treatment is to
eliminate seizures or make the symptoms less frequent and less severe. Long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy is the most common form of
epilepsy treatment. People with epilepsy can be partially or completely
controlled if they take anti-seizure medication according to directions;
avoid seizure-inducing sights, sounds, and other triggers; get enough
sleep; and eat regular, balanced meals. People who have epilepsy have a
higher than average rate of suicide, sudden unexplained death, drowning
and other accidental fatalities. Anyone who has epilepsy should wear a
bracelet or necklace identifying his seizure disorder and listing the
medication they take.
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